https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu <p>The scientific journal "Science and Education" is an open-access journal and the main task of the journal is to highlight the achievements, problems, and prospects of science and education, in particular, the history and stages of development of science and education in Uzbekistan, development paths, scientists who have made a great contribution to science and education in Central Asia, as well as in world science and education. Also the goal of the scientific journal "Science and Education" is to inform the scientific community about the problems of improving research and innovation in this area, to further increase the interest of the younger generation in science and education, and to express the scientific views of experts and scientists.</p> Open Science LLC en-US Science and Education 2181-0842 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7933 Ushbu maqolada tub va murakkab sonlar tushunchalari, ularning asosiy xossalari hamda amaliy masalalardagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Tub sonlar - faqat birga va o‘ziga bo‘linuvchi natural sonlar sifatida, murakkab sonlar esa bundan farqli holda bir nechta bo‘luvchilarga ega sonlar sifatida tavsiflanadi. Maqolada tub sonlarni aniqlash usullari, shu jumladan, Eratosfen g‘alviridan foydalanish, sonlarni tub ko‘paytuvchilarga ajratish algoritmlari, ularning nazariy va amaliy qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mavzu doirasida turli masalalarni yechish metodikasi va matematik mantiq asosida yondashuvlar keltirilgan. Maqola umumiy o‘rta ta’lim o‘quvchilari va oliy ta’lim muassasalari talabalari hamda matematikaga qiziquvchilar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin. N.Raximov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 6 11 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7934 Зелёная химия - это развивающаяся и прикладная отрасль химической науки, созданная с целью сокращения или устранения опасных для человека и окружающей среды веществ. Эта дисциплина может играть основополагающую роль в устойчивом развитии сельских районов, особенно в такой стране, как Афганистан, где большинство населения проживает в деревнях и сталкивается с экологическими, экономическими и социальными проблемами. В данной статье рассматриваются различные применения зелёной химии в таких секторах, как энергетика, сельское хозяйство, очистка воды, управление отходами и производство местного сырья. Цель состоит в том, чтобы подчеркнуть потенциал и практические стратегии внедрения принципов зелёной химии в устойчивое развитие сельских районов Афганистана. Али яр Джавад Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 12 15 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7935 Mazkur maqolada favqulodda vaziyatlarda moddiy-texnik ta’minotning o‘rni, zamonaviy logistika tizimlari asosida bu sohani rivojlantirish istiqbollari, mavjud muammolar va ularning bartaraf etish yo‘llari tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribalar asosida milliy tizimni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqiladi. Mansur Ravshanxodjayevich Mirzaxodjayev Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 16 25 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7936 Ushbu ilmiy ishda barmoq izi orqali to‘lov tizimining texnologik mohiyati, afzalliklari, xavfsizlik darajasi, amaliyotdagi qo‘llanilishi va dolzarb muammolari tahlil qilinadi. An’anaviy bank kartalari va PIN-kodli autentifikatsiya o‘rniga biometrik usullardan foydalanish orqali yanada xavfsiz, tezkor va qulay to‘lov tizimini yaratish imkoniyati o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqot davomida mavjud texnologiyalar, biometrik ma’lumotlarni saqlash usullari, autentifikatsiya algoritmlari va tizimga integratsiyalash mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, tizimni joriy etish bilan bog‘liq ijtimoiy va texnik muammolar ham tahlil qilinadi. Lochinbek Abdullayev Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 26 29 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7937 Bo‘lajak muxandis-mexanik (avtomobil sohasida) faqatgina avtomobil qurilishiningin bilibgina qolmay u texnik masalalarni va avtomobildan foydalanish jaroyonidagi texnologik masalalarni yechishning mtematik pparatlarini hab bilishi zarurdir. Ushbu maqola muxandis-mexanik uchun matematikani faqatgina bilishgina zarur emas balki, u har bir muxandis uchun uni juda muhimligini ko‘rstib berishga qaratilgan. Hamda oliy malakali mutaxassis - uzoq hayotnung va avtomobilning uzilishlarsiz ishlashining asosiy talabi ekanligini ko‘rsatib berishdan iborat. Q.Azimov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 30 36 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7938 This article analyzes the significance and opportunities of using a pedagogical facilitation approach in the formation of students’ professional competence. Facilitation is viewed as a pedagogical technology that ensures active student participation in the learning process, fosters independent thinking, and develops problem-solving skills. The research identifies the components of professional competence (such as professional knowledge, skills, communicative abilities, reflective culture, and others) as well as the pedagogical conditions influencing their development (motivational environment, interactive methods, collaborative learning activities, mentoring systems, etc.). Sanjar Abdivaitovich Aralov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 37 43 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7939 The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into educational contexts has generated both unprecedented opportunities for personalized learning and significant ethical challenges. This article explores the ethical and pedagogical implications of AI in education, focusing on issues of privacy, bias, transparency, and the evolving role of teachers and students. While AI systems promise to enhance adaptive learning, automate assessment, and support institutional decision-making, they also risk reducing education to a transactional process governed by data-driven algorithms. Ethical concerns such as surveillance, commercial exploitation of student data, and algorithmic bias are analyzed alongside pedagogical consequences, including shifts in teacher responsibility, student autonomy, and the cultivation of critical thinking skills. The discussion emphasizes the necessity of developing transparent, fair, and culturally responsive AI systems while ensuring that educators and learners remain central to the educational process. Ultimately, the article argues for a balanced approach in which AI complements human-centered pedagogy, preserving the values of inclusivity, creativity, and critical inquiry that define meaningful education. Z.Egamberdiyeva Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 44 51 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7940 Choreography education plays a vital role in cultivating creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration in students, yet sustaining engagement remains a significant challenge in contemporary learning environments. This article explores innovative strategies for enhancing student engagement in choreography, emphasizing the importance of student-centered pedagogy, interdisciplinary approaches, technological integration, improvisation, and collaborative practices. It highlights the role of cultural relevance, reflective learning, innovative assessment, and teacher-student relationships in deepening students’ investment in the creative process. The discussion underscores choreography as a holistic practice that integrates body, mind, and emotion, preparing students to meet the complex demands of contemporary artistic practice. By fostering creativity, adaptability, and reflective thinking, these strategies transform choreography education into an environment where students emerge as active creators, collaborators, and lifelong learners. The findings reinforce the view that innovation in pedagogy is essential to sustaining engagement and ensuring the continued vitality of choreography within arts education. M.Sharobiddinova Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 52 57 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7941 Globalizatsiya bugungi kunda dunyo xalqlarining madaniy o‘zaro ta’siri va integratsiyasini kuchaytirayotgan, bir tomondan taraqqiyotga xizmat qilayotgan, ikkinchi tomondan esa milliy madaniy an’analar, xususan, nomoddiy madaniy meros ob’ektlarining yo‘qolish xavfini tug‘dirayotgan murakkab jarayondir. Ayniqsa, o‘zbek xalqining ko‘p asrlik tarixiy va estetik merosiga mansub raqs san’ati bu jarayon ta’sirida jiddiy o‘zgarishlarga uchramoqda. Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek raqs san’atining global omillar ta’sirida yo‘qolib borayotgan elementlari, ularning asosiy sabablari va bunday yo‘qotishlarning salbiy oqibatlari tizimli ravishda tahlil qilinadi. Maqolaning asosiy maqsadi - an’anaviy o‘zbek raqslarining tarixiy, mintaqaviy, ramziy va estetik jihatdan o‘ziga xos elementlarini aniqlash, ularning globalizatsiya davridagi transformatsiyasini chuqur o‘rganish, shuningdek, bu bebaho madaniy merosni saqlab qolish, tiklash va rivojlantirish bo‘yicha taklif va strategiyalarni ishlab chiqishdan iborat. Tadqiqot doirasida Farg‘ona, Buxoro, Xorazm kabi hududlarga xos raqs maktablarining o‘ziga xosliklari, ularning yo‘qolish sabablari (ustoz-shogird an’analarining uzilishi, tijoratlashtirish, texnologik omillar, ommaviy madaniyat bosimi) tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, raqamlashtirish, ta’lim tizimida raqsga e’tiborni kuchaytirish, festivallar va raqs arxivlarini yaratish kabi saqlab qolish strategiyalari asoslab beriladi. Maqolada sifatli kontent, video va raqamli texnologiyalar orqali raqs san’atini ommalashtirish yo‘llari, yosh avlod orasida milliy san’atga qiziqishni oshirish metodlari, milliy raqsni turizm va madaniy diplomatiya vositasi sifatida rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari keng muhokama qilinadi.Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, o‘zbek raqs san’atining boy merosini saqlab qolish faqatgina san’atkorlar yoki madaniyat sohasidagi mutaxassislarning emas, balki butun jamiyatning umumiy vazifasidir. Ushbu maqola san’atshunoslar, madaniyat tadqiqotchilari, raqqoslar, ta’lim sohasi vakillari hamda siyosat ishlab chiquvchilar uchun nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, milliy merosni global maydonda asrab-avaylashga xizmat qiladi. Sug‘diyona Nodirbek qizi Valijonova Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 58 69 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7942 Ushbu maqolada epifitotik turdagi o‘simlik kasalliklari favqulodda holat darajasiga yetgan sharoitlarda to‘g‘ri va tizimli harakat qilish algoritmi tahlil qilinadi. Monitoring, baholash, nazorat strategiyalari va integratsiyalashgan kurash usullari orqali epifitotik holatlarni boshqarishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola agronomlar, fitopatologlar va favqulodda vaziyatlar sohasidagi mutaxassislar uchun amaliy qo‘llanma vazifasini bajaradi. Raxmatilla Ermatovich Nurmatov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 70 74 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7943 Ushbu maqolada kichik hajmli kemalar haydovchilarini guvohnomalash tizimidagi mavjud muammolar, xalqaro tajriba asosidagi tahlil va zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mazkur tizimni huquqiy, texnologik, xavfsizlik va ekologik jihatdan takomillashtirishga qaratilgan takliflar ishlab chiqiladi. Islomjon Olimjon o‘g‘li Daminov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 75 81 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7944 O‘zbekistonda startaplarning paydo bo‘lishi va jadal rivojlanishi mamlakatning bilimga asoslangan iqtisodiyotga o‘tayotganini va tadbirkorlik uchun yanada qulay huquqiy muhit yaratilganini aks ettiradi. Ushbu maqolada konstitutsiyaviy kafolatlar, fuqarolik va tijorat qonunchiligi asoslari, innovatsion qonunchilik va intellektual mulkni tartibga solish masalalariga e’tibor qaratilib, O‘zbekistonda tashkil etilgan va faoliyat yuritayotgan startaplarning huquqlari va qonuniy faoliyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Moliyalashtirish, soliqqa tortish, mehnat munosabatlari, raqamli muvofiqlik va nizolarni hal qilishning huquqiy jihatlariga alohida e’tibor beriladi, chunki bu sohalar boshlang‘ich korxonalarning operatsion realligini belgilaydi. Tahlil soliq imtiyozlari, texnoparklar doirasidagi imtiyozli rejimlar, innovatsion markazlarni tashkil etish kabi davlat siyosatining muhimligi, bularning barchasi startaplarni huquqiy va institutsional qo‘llab-quvvatlashni ta’kidlaydi. Shu bilan birga, byurokratik to‘siqlar, intellektual mulk huquqlarini ta’minlash va amaldagi qonunlarni tez o‘zgaruvchan texnologik sharoitlarga moslashtirish nuqtai nazaridan muammolar saqlanib qolmoqda. Maqolada ta’kidlanishicha, bir vaqtning o‘zida huquqlarni himoya qiluvchi va majburiyatlarni amalga oshiradigan muvozanatli huquqiy tizim barqaror startap ekotizimini rivojlantirish uchun markaziy o‘rinni egallaydi. Unda O‘zbekistonning huquqiy bazasining xalqaro standartlarga mos ravishda davom ettirilishi uning startaplarining global raqobatbardoshligi va milliy iqtisodiyot o‘sishiga hissa qo‘shish qobiliyati uchun hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega bo‘ladi, degan xulosaga keldi. Diyorbek Abdullayevich Turanov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 82 88 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7945 В статье рассматривается история и значение зарубежных выставок узбекских ремесленников и художников в послевоенный период до конца XX века. Особое внимание уделено роли выставок в продвижении узбекского изобразительного и прикладного искусства, фотографии и скульптуры за рубежом, особенно в странах Азии. Подчёркивается вклад выдающихся узбекских художников, таких как Усто Мумин, О.Тансыкбаев, Ч.Ахмаров, Р.Ахмедов и А.Абдуллаев, чьи произведения отражали как национальные традиции, так и социалистические идеалы. Отмечается значение выставок как инструмента культурной дипломатии, которые не только укрепляли международное сотрудничество, но и способствовали представлению культурного наследия Узбекистана мировому сообществу. Отдельно рассматривается значение детских художественных выставок, сыгравших важную роль в развитии межкультурного диалога и формировании художественного мировоззрения нового поколения. Камол Абдуггапор угли Шатурсунов Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 89 98 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7946 This study examines how Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and cutting-edge technologies can reposition Africa in global value chains (GVCs) under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) (Mondaq, 2023). Africa’s intra-continental trade remains low (≈15% of total exports), and its GVC participation (≈5%) and export value-added (≈14%) are far below other regions. SEZs - over 200 currently active in Africa - offer a policy vehicle to boost manufacturing and export diversification. We develop a conceptual framework combining Global Value Chain theory, Institutional theory, and Innovation Diffusion theory to analyze firm upgrading, trade composition, and technology adoption in SEZs. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach (trade data analysis, policy document review, and case studies of Rwanda (Kigali Innovation City), Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia), we find that well-designed SEZs can enable capability upgrading (especially via skill development and local linkages), modestly shift exports toward higher-value manufactures, and attract investment if backed by strong institutions. However, many SEZs remain “enclaves” with limited spillovers. Emerging technologies (blockchain, AI, IoT, 5G, additive manufacturing) show promise for enhancing SEZ operations by improving supply-chain transparency, productivity, and efficiency, but their adoption is hampered by infrastructure gaps, high costs, and skills shortages. We conclude with tiered policy recommendations (zone-level, national, and AfCFTA-level) to foster tech-enabled SEZs that promote value addition and regional integration, and outline areas for future research and long-run trends (e.g. digital GVC platforms and green value chains). Edwick Murungu Sylvie Ndahimana Paul Ruhamya Mike Ssempa Emmanuel Ekosse Sixbert Sangwa Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 99 123 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7947 Аnnоtаtsiyа: Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida davlat moliyaviy nazoratini samarali tashkil etishda g‘aznachilik institutining o‘rni, tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslari hamda ularning amaliy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda g‘aznachilikning davlat byudjeti ijrosini nazorat qilishdagi funksiyalari, yagona g‘azna hisobvarag‘i orqali moliyaviy resurslarni boshqarish mexanizmlari va to‘lov intizomini ta’minlashdagi roli tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, g‘aznachilik tizimini rivojlantirishning huquqiy bazasi, uning raqamlashtirish jarayonidagi o‘rni va moliyaviy shaffoflikni ta’minlashdagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqilgan. Kаlit sо’zlаr: g‘aznachilik tizimi, davlat byudjeti, byudjet mablag‘lari, moliyaviy nazorat, yagona g‘azna hisobvarag‘i, fiskal siyosat, samaradorlik, raqamlashtirish, davlat moliyasi, byudjet ijrosi, moliyaviy boshqaruv, iqtisodiy islohotlar, shaffoflik Inomjon Jumaniyazov Eldor Toshmamatovich Abramatov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 124 131 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7948 Maqolada davlat byudjetidan moliyalashtiriladigan ijtimoiy soha xarajatlari hamda holini ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish tadbirlarini moliyalashtirish manbalari hamda uning ijtimoiy siyosatga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, davlat byudjeti xarajatlarining tuzilishi, ularning asosiy yo‘nalishlari hamda ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash, pensiya va ijtimoiy ta’minot tizimlarini moliyalashtirishdagi o‘rni tahlil etilib, ijtimoiy siyosat samaradorligini oshirishda byudjet mablag‘laridan oqilona foydalanish yo‘llari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shodiyor Qilichboy o‘g‘li Qo‘ziyev Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 132 139 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7949 Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining real sektor korxonalarida investitsiyalarni boshqarish jarayonlari va zamonaviy modellarning qo‘llanish xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada shuningdek, investitsiya boshqaruvining xalqaro tajribasi bilan milliy yondashuv o‘rtasidagi o‘xshashlik va farqlar qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari real sektor korxonalarida samarali investitsiya boshqaruvini yo‘lga qo‘yish iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash, innovatsion rivojlanishni jadallashtirish va raqobatbardoshlikni kuchaytirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatadi. Dildora Erkinovna Salimova Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 140 146 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7950 Аннотатция: Ушбу Мақолада Ўзбекистон давлат бюджети ва молиявий ресурсларини бошқариш, уларнинг назорат тизимини такомиллаштириш масалалари таҳлил қилинган. 2022-2023 йиллар статистик маълумотлари асосида давлат бюджети даромад ва харажатлари динамикаси, давлат мақсадли жамғармалари ҳажмидаги ўзгаришлар ҳамда ташқи қарз маблағлари ҳисобидан молиялаштирилаётган дастурлар кўлами ўрганилган. Шунингдек, давлат бюджети харажатларини режалаштиришда натижага йўналтирилган бюджетлаштиришнинг истиқболлари муҳокама қилинган. Жавоҳирбек Икромжон ўғли Юлдашев Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 147 154 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7951 Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida davlat moliyaviy boshqaruvi tizimini takomillashtirish jarayonida maqsadli jamg‘armalarning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Xususan, Pensiya jamg‘armasi misolida ularning ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashdagi funksiyalari va moliyaviy oqimlarga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda statistika ma’lumotlari hamda xalqaro tashkilotlarning hisobotlari asosida qiyosiy va dinamik tahlil usullari qo‘llanilgan.. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribaga tayangan holda O‘zbekistonda nodavlat pensiya jamg‘armalarini rivojlantirish, moliyaviy diversifikatsiyani ta’minlash hamda nazorat va shaffoflikni kuchaytirish zarurligi ko’rib chiqilgan Baxodir Abdurapiyevich Nurmatov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 155 161 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7952 Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston davlat byudjeti mablag‘lari sarflanishi ustidan moliyaviy nazoratni tashkil etish va uni takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Davlat byudjeti daromadlari va xarajatlari dinamikasi, davlat maqsadli jamg‘armalari hajmining o‘zgarishi hamda tashqi qarz hisobidan moliyalashtirilayotgan dasturlar ko‘lami statistik ma’lumotlar asosida o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, natijaga yo‘naltirilgan byudjetlashtirish konsepsiyasining joriy etilishi istiqbollari muhokama qilingan. Zokir Xamidbek o‘g‘li Sultanov Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 162 168 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7953 Maqolada IPO va SPO jarayonlarining moliyaviy bozorlarni rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Natijalarga ko‘ra, IPO korxonalarga birlamchi kapital jalb etish va jamoatchilikni mulkdorlikka jalb qilish imkonini bersa, SPO kompaniyalar uchun qo‘shimcha resurslar yig‘ish va bozor likvidligini oshirish vositasi sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Shuningdek, Turkiya va Janubiy Koreya tajribalari asosida O‘zbekiston fond bozorining rivojlanish istiqbollari baholangan. Xulosalarda mamlakatda IPO va SPO jarayonlarini izchil davom ettirish, investorlar bazasini kengaytirish, bozor infratuzilmasini modernizatsiya qilish va huquqiy asoslarni xalqaro standartlarga moslashtirish zarurligi ta’kidlangan. Nigora Tuyg‘unovna Alikulova Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 169 176 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7954 This article explores the satirical and realist literary traditions represented by Charles Dickens in Victorian England and Gafur Gulom in Soviet Uzbekistan. Both authors utilise satire as a means of social critique; nonetheless, their contexts vary considerably. The research employs a comparative literary approach, placing both authors within the wider realist tradition and examining their perspectives on bureaucracy, law, hypocrisy, and collective mentalities. Diyora Anvar qizi Berdimurodova Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 177 185 https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/7955 Криминологик лексика қонунчилик, ҳуқуқ-тартибот ва жиноятчиликни ўрганиш билан боғлиқ илмий ва амалий соҳаларда қўлланиладиган махсус тил қатламидир. Ушбу мақола криминологик лексиканинг семантик, морфологик ва стилистик хусусиятларини таҳлил қилишга бағишланган. Тадқиқотда турк, форс, араб ва рус тилларидан олинган ўзлашма сўзларнинг терминология шаклланишига таъсири аниқланади, шунингдек, контекст ва прагматик омилларнинг ушбу лексикадан фойдаланишдаги роли кўриб чиқилади. Ўзбек юридик ҳужжатлари ва илмий матнлардаги лексик бирликларнинг тизимлаштирилиши, этимологияси ва функционал хусусиятларига алоҳида эътибор берилади. Мақола филологлар, криминологлар ва лексикография бўйича мутахассисларига мўлжалланган бўлиб, ўзбек криминологик терминологиясининг ривожланишига ва ҳозирги жамият талабларига мослашувига хизмат қилади. Ф.Д.Мирзаев Copyright (c) 2025 Science and Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 6 8 186 188