Assessing the impact of ligninolytic enzyme production by galactomyces geotrichum in solid-state fermentation utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunch
Keywords:
Lignin lytic, enzyme, galactomyces geotrichum, solidstatefragmentationAbstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a prominent agricultural waste in Malaysia, with an annual production exceeding 18 million tons. Despite its vast abundance, the utilization of OPEFB and oil palm waste, in general, remains limited. This study therefore evaluates the significant impact of OPEFB as avital bioresource within the Biorefinery sector, particularly for biofuel and biochemical production. The study focused on assessing the enzymatic activity in evolved lignin and cellulose degradation, which are critical processes in biomass conversion. To achieve this, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was conducted in flasks using OPEFB fibre’s (with an average length of 250mm) at a moisture content of 70% and a temperature of 30°C, for a time span of for 30-days. The result revealed that under solid-state fermentation, the highest recorded activity was observed for manganese peroxidase (11.44U/g), followed by lignin peroxidase (8.05U/g), and laccase (3.15U/g). These findings in dictate the substantial potential for cellulose degradation and subsequent biofuel production. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed that solid-state fermentation partially degraded the lignocellulosic compounds presenting OPEFB. Overall, the monitored enzyme activities in ligninolytic categorised demonstrated moderate levels of performance, emphasizing the promising prospects of OPEFB as a feedstock for biorefinery applications.
References
Grygier A, Myszka K, Rudzińska, M. Galactomyces geotrichum-moulds from dairy products with high biotechnological potential. Acta scientiarum polonorum Technologia alimentaria, 2017;16(1).
Kumar A, Chandra R. Ligninolytic enzymes and its mechanisms for degradation of lignocellulosic waste in environment. Heliyon.2020;6(2):e03170. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03170
Afreen S, Shamsi TN, Baig MA, Ahmad N, Fatima S, Qureshi MI, Hassan MI, Fatma T. A novel multicopper oxidase (laccase) from cyanobacteria: Purification, characterization with potential in the decolorization of anthraquinonic dye. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4).
Asgher M, Wahab A, Bilal M, Nasir Iqbal HM. Lignocellulose degradation and production of lignin modifying enzymes by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 in solid-state fermentation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2016;6:195–201. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.04.003
Abrão FO, Duarte ER, Pessoa MS, Dos Santos VL, De Freitas LF, Barros KDO, Hughes AFDS, Silva TD, Rodriguez NM. Notable fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle fed in lignified pastures. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(8):1–13. Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183628
Aarti C, Arasu MV, Agastian P. (n.d.). Lignin degradation : A microbial approach Lignin degradation : A microbial approach.
Ajijolakewu AK, Leh CP, Wan Abdullah WN, Lee C. keong.. Optimization of production conditions for xylanase production by newly isolated strain Aspergillus niger through solid state fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunches. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2017;11:239–247. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.009.
Cai ST, Chiu MC, Chou JY. Broad-Spectrum Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Yeast-like Fungi of the Galactomyces Genus Against Diverse Plant Pathogens. Mycobiology. 2021;49 (1):69-77.
Chaijak P, Lertworapreecha M, Sukkasem C. Decolorization and phenol removal of palm oil mill effluent by termite-associated yeast. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2017;11 (1):29-32.
Chowdhary P, Shukla G, Raj G, Ferreira LFR, Bharagava RN. Microbial manganese peroxidase: a ligninolytic enzyme and its ample opportunities in research. SN Applied Sciences, 2019;1(1):1–12. Available :https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-018-0046-3.
Houfani AA, Anders N, Spiess AC, Baldrian P, Benallaoua S. Insights from enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars–a review. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2020; 134:105481.
Khatoon N, Jamal A, Ali MI. Lignin peroxidase isoenzyme: a novel approach to biodegrade the toxic synthetic polymer waste. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). 2019;40(11):1366–1375. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1422550.
Kong W, Chen H, Lyu S, Ma F, Yu H, Zhang X. Characterization of a novel manganese peroxidase from white-rot fungus Echinodontium taxodii 2538, and its use for the degradation of lignin-related compounds. Process Biochemistry. 2016; 51(11):1776–1783. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.01.007
Lizardi-Jiménez MA, Hernández-Martínez R. Solid state fermentation (SSF): diversity of applications to valorize waste and biomass. 3 Biotech, 20177(1). Available :https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0692-y.
Onge LF, Couvreur J, Leriche Grandchamp M, Garnier G, Allais F, Saito K. Importance of Mediators for Lignin Degradation by Fungal Laccase. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 2018;6(8);10097–10107. Available:https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01426.
Sahadevan LDM, Misra CS, Thankamani V. Characterization of lignin-degrading enzymes (LDEs) from a dimorphic novel fungus and identification of products of enzymatic breakdown of lignin. 3 Biotech. 2016;6(1):1–16. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0384-z
Vignali E, Tonin F, Pollegioni L, Rosini E. Characterization and use of a bacterial lignin peroxidase with an improved manganese-oxidative activity. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2018;102(24):10579–10588. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9409-3.
